这道题我们可以先写一个河童重工的计算机，然后用汇编解决。

代码如下：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

void toupper(string& str) { for (char& c : str)c = toupper(c); }
string touppers(const string& str) { string a = str; toupper(a); return a; }

class AssemblyProgram;
class Tokenizer;
class Compiler;

class AssemblyProgram
{
public:
	enum Command
	{
		UDEF,	// 0:		Undefined		Undefined
		HLT,	// 1:		Halt			Stop the program
		NOP,	// 2:		NoOp			Does nothing
		SET,	// 3:		Set				Read value from <0> to <1>
		JMP,	// 4:		Jump			Jump to <0> (absolute line number, begins from 1)
		JIF,	// 5:		JumpIf			Jump to <0> if <1> is not zero (takes rFlag if <1> doesn't exist)
		CALL,	// 6:		Call			push current linenum+1 to sAddr and jump to <0>(begins from 1)
		RET,	// 7:		Return			jump to sAddr.top() and sAddr.pop()
		// Arithmetic operations
        // 					rVal if not exist↓
		INV,	// 8:		Inverse			<1> = -<0>
		ADD,	// 9:		Add				<2> = <0> + <1>
		SUB,	// 10:		Minus			<2> = <0> - <1>
		MULT,	// 11:		Multiply		<2> = <0> * <1>
		IDIV,	// 12:		IntDivide		<2> = <0> / <1>
		MOD,	// 13:		Modulo			<2> = <0> % <1>
		LSFT,	// 14:		LeftShift		<2> = <0> << <1>
		RSFT,	// 15:		RightShift		<2> = <0> >> <1>
		BAND,	// 16:		BitAnd			<2> = <0> & <1>
		BOR,	// 17:		BitOr			<2> = <0> | <1>
		BXOR,	// 18:		BitXor			<2> = <0> ^ <1>
		// Logical Operations
        // 				   rFlag if not exist↓
		LGR,	// 19:		Greater			<2> = <0> > <1>
		LLS,	// 20:		less			<2> = <0> < <1>
		LGE,	// 21:		GreaterEqual	<2> = <0> >= <1>
		LLE,	// 22:		LessEqual		<2> = <0> <= <1>
		LEQL,	// 23:		Equal			<2> = <0> == <1>
		LAND,	// 24:		LogicalAnd		<2> = <0> && <1> 
		LOR,	// 25:		LogicalOr		<2> = <0> || <1>
		// Console I/O
		//							 rVal if no exist↓
		RINT,	// 26:		ReadInt			 cin >> <0>
		RCH,	// 27:		ReadChar		getchar(<0>)
		WINT,	// 28:		WriteInt		cout << <0>
		WCH		// 29:		WriteChar		putchar(<0>)
	};

	enum VariableType
	{
        Constant,
		Register,
		Memory,
		Pointer
    };

	enum RegisterName
	{
		R1, R2, R3, R4,
		E1, E2, E3, E4,
		Flag, Val, Ret, Line
	};

	struct arg
	{
		VariableType type;
		int val;
		AssemblyProgram *prog;
		int line;
		int* operator()()
		{
			if(type == Constant)
				return &val;
			if(type == Register)
				return prog->RegisterList[val];
			if(type == Memory)
				return &(prog->mem[val]);
			if(type == Pointer)
				return &(prog->mem[*prog->RegisterList[val]]);
		}
	};

	struct command
	{
		Command command;
		vector<arg> args;
	};

	RegisterName getRegister(string name)
	{
		toupper(name);
		if(name == "R1") return R1;
		if(name == "R2") return R2;
		if(name == "R3") return R3;
		if(name == "R4") return R4;
		if(name == "E1") return E1;
		if(name == "E2") return E2;
		if(name == "E3") return E3;
		if(name == "E4") return E4;
		if(name == "FLAG") return Flag;
		if(name == "VAL") return Val;
		if(name == "RET") return Ret;
		if(name == "LINE") return Line;
	}

	Command getCommand(string name)
	{
		toupper(name);
		if(name == "UDEF") return UDEF;
		if(name == "HLT") return HLT;
		if(name == "NOP") return NOP;
		if(name == "SET") return SET;
		if(name == "JMP") return JMP;
		if(name == "JIF") return JIF;
		if(name == "CALL") return CALL;
		if(name == "RET") return RET;
		if(name == "INV") return INV;
		if(name == "ADD") return ADD;
		if(name == "SUB") return SUB;
		if(name == "MULT") return MULT;
		if(name == "IDIV") return IDIV;
		if(name == "MOD") return MOD;
		if(name == "LSFT") return LSFT;
		if(name == "RSFT") return RSFT;
		if(name == "BAND") return BAND;
		if(name == "BOR") return BOR;
		if(name == "BXOR") return BXOR;
		if(name == "LGR") return LGR;
		if(name == "LLS") return LLS;
		if(name == "LGE") return LGE;
		if(name == "LLE") return LLE;
		if(name == "LEQL") return LEQL;
		if(name == "LAND") return LAND;
		if(name == "LOR") return LOR;
		if(name == "RINT") return RINT;
		if(name == "RCH") return RCH;
		if(name == "WINT") return WINT;
		if(name == "WCH") return WCH;
		else return UDEF;
	}

	void addCommand(pair<pair<Command, int> , vector<arg> > command)
	{
		prog.push_back(command);
	}

	
	void addLine(int line, int rline)
	{
		while(line2rline.size() <= line)
		{
			line2rline.push_back(rline);
		}
	}

	int getrline(int line)
	{
		return line2rline[line];
	}

	void l2rltest()
	{
		for(int i = 0;i < line2rline.size();i++)
		{
			printf("%d->%d\n", i, line2rline[i]);
		}
	}

	void run()
	{
		for(int i = 0;i < 12;i++)
		{
			*RegisterList[i] = 0;
		}
		memset(mem, 0, sizeof mem);
		running = true;
		nextptr = 0;
		rLine = 1;
		while(running)
		{
			//rLine = prog[nextptr].first.second;
			funcs[prog[nextptr].first.first](prog[nextptr].second);
		}
	}

private:

	int* getRegister(enum RegisterName name)
	{
		return RegisterList[name];
	}

	int* getMemory(int id)
	{
		return mem + id;
	}

	int rR1, rR2, rR3, rR4;
	int rE1, rE2, rE3, rE4;
	int rFlag, rVal, rRet, rLine;
	int *RegisterList[12] = {&rR1, &rR2, &rR3, &rR4, &rE1, &rE2, &rE3, &rE4, &rFlag, &rVal, &rRet, &rLine};
	static constexpr int stackSize = 512 * 1024;
	stack<int> sAddr;
	static constexpr int memSize = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
	int mem[memSize];
	bool running;
	int nextptr;

	vector<pair<pair<Command, int> , vector<arg> > > prog;

	void pushAddr(int val) { sAddr.push(val); }
	int topAddr() { return sAddr.top(); }
	void popAddr() { return sAddr.pop(); }
	
	vector<int> line2rline;
	#define setfunc [&](vector<arg> args) -> void
	#define setcalrtd(x) int *rt; if(args.size() <= x) rt = &rVal; else rt = args[x]()
	#define setlogrtd(x) int *rt; if(args.size() <= x) rt = &rFlag; else rt = args[x]()
	#define setI_Ortd(x) int *rt; if(args.size() <= x) rt = &rVal; else rt = args[x]()
	function<void(vector<arg>)> funcs[30] = 
	{
/*00.UDEF*/	setfunc { nextptr++; },
/*01.HLT*/	setfunc { running = false; },
/*02.NOP*/	setfunc { nextptr++; },
/*03.SET*/	setfunc { *args[1]() = *args[0](); nextptr++; },
/*04.JMP*/	setfunc { nextptr = getrline(*args[0]() + rLine); },
/*05.JIF*/	setfunc { if(args.size() <= 1) { if(rFlag) nextptr = getrline(*args[0]() + rLine); else nextptr++; } else { if(*args[1]()) nextptr = getrline(*args[0]() + rLine); else nextptr++; } },
/*06.CALL*/	setfunc { pushAddr(rLine); pushAddr(nextptr + 1) ; nextptr = getrline(*args[0]()) ; rLine = (*args[0]()) ; },
/*07.RET*/  setfunc { if(args.size() > 0) {rRet = *args[0]();} nextptr = topAddr(); popAddr(); rLine = topAddr(); popAddr(); },
/*08.INV*/	setfunc { setcalrtd(1); *rt = -(*args[0]()); nextptr++; },
/*09.ADD*/	setfunc { setcalrtd(2); *rt = (*args[0]()) + (*args[1]()); nextptr++; },
/*10.SUB*/	setfunc { setcalrtd(2); *rt = (*args[0]()) - (*args[1]()); nextptr++; },
/*11.MULT*/	setfunc { setcalrtd(2); *rt = (*args[0]()) * (*args[1]()); nextptr++; },
/*12.IDIV*/	setfunc { setcalrtd(2); *rt = (*args[0]()) / (*args[1]()); nextptr++; },
/*13.MOD*/	setfunc { setcalrtd(2); *rt = (*args[0]()) % (*args[1]()); nextptr++; },
/*14.LSFT*/	setfunc { setcalrtd(2); *rt = ((*args[0]()) << (*args[1]())); nextptr++; },
/*15.RSFT*/	setfunc { setcalrtd(2); *rt = ((*args[0]()) >> (*args[1]())); nextptr++; },
/*16.BAND*/	setfunc { setcalrtd(2); *rt = ((*args[0]()) & (*args[1]())); nextptr++; },
/*17.BOR*/	setfunc { setcalrtd(2); *rt = ((*args[0]()) | (*args[1]())); nextptr++; },
/*18.BXOR*/	setfunc { setcalrtd(2); *rt = ((*args[0]()) ^ (*args[1]())); nextptr++; },
/*19.LGR*/	setfunc { setlogrtd(2); *rt = ((*args[0]()) > (*args[1]())); nextptr++; },
/*20.LLS*/	setfunc { setlogrtd(2); *rt = ((*args[0]()) < (*args[1]())); nextptr++; },
/*21.LGE*/	setfunc { setlogrtd(2); *rt = ((*args[0]()) >= (*args[1]())); nextptr++; },
/*22.LLE*/	setfunc { setlogrtd(2); *rt = ((*args[0]()) <= (*args[1]())); nextptr++; },
/*23.LEQL*/	setfunc { setlogrtd(2); *rt = ((*args[0]()) == (*args[1]())); nextptr++; },
/*24.LAND*/	setfunc { setlogrtd(2); *rt = ((*args[0]()) && (*args[1]())); nextptr++; },
/*25.LOR*/	setfunc { setlogrtd(2); *rt = ((*args[0]()) || (*args[1]())); nextptr++; },
/*26.RINT*/	setfunc { setI_Ortd(0); scanf("%d", rt); nextptr++; },
/*27.RCH*/	setfunc { setI_Ortd(0); char c; scanf("%c", &c); *rt = c; nextptr++; },
/*28.WINT*/	setfunc { setI_Ortd(0); printf("%d", *rt); nextptr++; },
/*29.WCH*/	setfunc { setI_Ortd(0); printf("%c", (char)*rt); nextptr++; },
	};
	#undef setfunc
	#undef setrtd
};

class Tokenizer
{
public:
	enum Type
	{
		Unknown,
		Identifier,
		Number,
		Symbol
	};

	struct Token
	{
		Type type;
		string words;
		int line;
	};

	void parseSource(string source)
	{
		tokens = parse(source);
		nextid = 0;
	}

	Token next()
	{
		if(nextid >= tokens.size())
			return Token{Unknown, ""};
		else
			return tokens[nextid++];
	}

	/// @brief parse source code
	/// @param str source code
	/// @return parsed code
	static vector<Token> parse(const string &str)
	{
		vector<Token> tokens;
		Token buffer = {Unknown, "", 1};
		int commentLayers = 0;
		int curline = 1;
		for(char c : str)
		{
			if(c == '[')
			{
				commentLayers++;
			}
			else if(c == ']')
			{
				if(commentLayers > 0) commentLayers--;
			}
			else if(commentLayers <= 0)
			{
				if(!(isblank(c) || iscntrl(c) || c == ','))
				{
					if ((buffer.type == Number && !isdigit(c)) || 
						(buffer.type == Identifier && (!isalnum(c) && c != '_')) || 
						(buffer.type == Symbol && (isalnum(c) || c == '_' || c == '-')))
					{
						//type has changed
						buffer.line = curline;
						tokens.push_back(buffer);
						buffer = Token{ Unknown, "" };
					}
					if(buffer.type == Unknown)
					{
						//check new object type
						if(isalpha(c) || c == '_')
							buffer.type = Identifier;
						else if(isdigit(c) || c == '-')
							buffer.type = Number;
						else
							buffer.type = Symbol;
					}
					buffer.words.push_back(c);
				}
				else
				{
					if(buffer.type != Unknown)
					{
						buffer.line = curline;
						tokens.push_back(buffer);
						buffer = Token{Unknown, ""};
					}
				}
			}
			if(c == '\n')
			{
				curline++;
			}
		}
		if(buffer.type != Unknown)
		{
			buffer.line = curline;
			tokens.push_back(buffer);
		}
		return tokens;
	}

	void test()
	{
		for(auto i : tokens)
		{
			cout<<i.words;
		}
	}

private:
	vector<Token> tokens;
	int nextid;
};

class Compiler
{
public:
	struct Command
	{
		int line;
		string command;
		vector<Tokenizer::Token> args;
		int rline;
		bool resetLine = false;
	};
	
	void compile(Tokenizer &tokens)
	{
		bool ok = true;
		while(ok)
		{
			// 每次循环处理一条指令及其参数
			Tokenizer::Token now;
			while(ok && (now = tokens.next()).type != Tokenizer::Identifier)
			{
				if(now.type == Tokenizer::Unknown)
				{
					ok = false;
				}
			}
			string command = now.words;
			vector<Tokenizer::Token> args;
			Tokenizer::Token cur;
			bool needPushCommand = true;
			while(ok && (cur = tokens.next()).words != ";")
			{
				if(cur.type == Tokenizer::Unknown)
				{
					ok = false;
				}
				else if(cur.type == Tokenizer::Symbol && cur.words == "$" && touppers(command) == "FUNCTION")
				{
					Tokenizer::Token func = tokens.next();
					funcStartLines.insert(make_pair(func.words, now.line));

					auto vec = Tokenizer::parse("#LINE %LINE");
					for(auto &i : vec) { i.line = now.line; }
					commands.push_back(Command{now.line, "SET", vec, 0, true});
					needPushCommand = false;
				}
				args.push_back(cur);
			}
			if(ok && needPushCommand)
			{
				commands.push_back(Command{now.line, command, args});
			}
		}
	}

	void generateCode(AssemblyProgram &prog)
	{
		int rline = 0;
		for(auto &i : commands)
		{
			if(!l2rl[i.line]) l2rl[i.line] = rline;
			i.rline = rline;
			rline++;
		}
		rline = 0;
		

		for(auto i = commands.begin();i != commands.end();i++, rline++)
		{
			vector<AssemblyProgram::arg> args;
			string command = i->command;
			if(i->resetLine) rline = 0;

			auto j = i->args.begin();
			auto nextToken = [&]() -> Tokenizer::Token
			{
				j++;
				if(j == i->args.end()) return Tokenizer::Token { Tokenizer::Unknown };
				else return *j;
			};

			for( ;j != i->args.end();nextToken())
			{
				auto cur = *j;
				if(cur.type == Tokenizer::Number)
				{
					args.push_back(AssemblyProgram::arg{AssemblyProgram::Constant, atoi(cur.words.c_str()), &prog, i->line});
				}
				else if(cur.type == Tokenizer::Symbol)
				{
					if(cur.words == "%")
					{
						Tokenizer::Token reg = nextToken();
						args.push_back(AssemblyProgram::arg{AssemblyProgram::Register, prog.getRegister(reg.words), &prog, i->line});
					}
					else if(cur.words == "@")
					{
						Tokenizer::Token reg = nextToken();
						args.push_back(AssemblyProgram::arg{AssemblyProgram::Memory, atoi(reg.words.c_str()), &prog, i->line});
					}
					else if(cur.words == "@%")
					{
						Tokenizer::Token reg = nextToken();
						args.push_back(AssemblyProgram::arg{AssemblyProgram::Pointer, prog.getRegister(reg.words), &prog, i->line});
					}
					else if(cur.words == "#")
					{
						Tokenizer::Token reg = nextToken();
						args.push_back(AssemblyProgram::arg{AssemblyProgram::Constant, cur.line, &prog, i->line});
					}
					else if(cur.words == "$")
					{
						command = "CALL";
						Tokenizer::Token reg = nextToken();
						args.push_back(AssemblyProgram::arg{AssemblyProgram::Constant, funcStartLines[reg.words], &prog, i->line});
					}
				}
			}
			prog.addCommand(make_pair(make_pair(prog.getCommand(command), i->line), args));
		}

		for(auto i : l2rl)
		{
			prog.addLine(i.first, i.second);
		}
	}

	void test()
	{
		for(auto i : l2rl)
		{
			cout << i.first << ' ' << i.second << endl;
		}
	}

private:
	vector<Command> commands;
	map<string, int> funcStartLines;
	map<int, int> l2rl;
};

AssemblyProgram prog;
Tokenizer tokens;
Compiler compiler;

int main()
{
	int n = 5;
	string str;
	string total = "5\nrint %r1;\nrint %r2;\nadd %r1 %r2;\nwint;\nhlt;\n";

	tokens.parseSource(total);
    compiler.compile(tokens);
    compiler.generateCode(prog);
	prog.run();


	return 0;
}